Stage Theories

	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21+ ?
Jean Piaget	Sensorimotor Concept of object permanence Form mental representations	Preoperational Egocentric Lack the concept of conversation Lack ability to de-center					Concrete Operations Can de-center Concept of conversion Cannot reason abstractly or test hypotheses systematically				Formal Operations Begin to reason abstractly
Lawrence Kohlberg	Pre-conventional 1) Avoid punishment 2) Gain reward								Conventional 3) Gain approval and avoid disapproval 4) Duty guilt												Post-conventional ? 5) Agreed upon rights 6) Personal moral standards

?
Carol Gilligan	Pre-conventional Individual survival	Transition Selfishness to responsibility to others	Conventional Self sacrifice is goodness	Transition Goodness to truth that she is a person also	Post-conventional Principle of nonviolence: do not hurt others or self

Justice Perspective interwoven with Care Perspective.