Excerpts
Home Up DeathPenalty Theory Proposal Stage Theories Stage Explanation Excerpts Myth? Boys and Men

 

. . . the so-called objective position which Kohlberg and others espoused within the canon of traditional social science research was blind to the particularities of voice and the inevitable constructions that constitute point of view. (p. xviii)
She is claiming that social sciences have ignored relativity.  Relativity is a point of view concept. 

 

 

I find the question of whether gender differences are biologically determined or socially constructed to be deeply disturbing. This way of posing the question implies that people, women and men alike, are either genetically determined or a product of socialization--that there is no voice--and without voice, there is no possibility for resistance, for creativity, or for a change whose wellsprings are psychological. At its most troubling, the present reduction of psychology either to sociology or biology or some combination of the two prepares the way for the kind of control that alarmed Hannah Arendt and George Orwell. (p. xix)
She questions whether the "nature verses nurture" concept is even valid. 
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

When women do not conform to the standards of psychological expectation, the conclusion has generally been that something is wrong with the women. (p. 14)
Does nonconformity necessarily dictate incorrect? 
 

 

 

The discovery now being celebrated by men in mid-life of the importance of intimacy, relationships, and care is something that women have known from the beginning. (p. 17)
So who is slower to develop?  Kohlberg's stage theory does not acknowledge this part of male development.
 

 

 

As we have listened for centuries to the voices of men and the theories of development that their experience informs, so we have come more recently to notice not only the silence of women but the difficulty in hearing what they say when they speak. Yet in the different voice of women lies the truth of an ethic of care, the tie between relationship and responsibility, and the origins of aggression in the failure of connection. (p. 174)
Men were so dominant for so long, and ignored the voice of women for so long that it became difficult to understand them when women turned up the volume.  This has been an issue not only in social science but also in government, industry, and religion.  Across the board, when you look at what women have contributed to science (ie medicine), government, industry, and religion, it often relates to the human condition.
 

 

 

 

 

 

The failure to see the different reality of women's lives and to hear the differences in their voices stems in part from the assumption that there is a single mode of social experience and interpretation. (p. 174)
In essence, psychology remained in Piaget's Preoperational state (egocentric) until women were heard.